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This organism is primarily a borer of cut, dry bamboo. Symptoms indicating infestation would be the presence of circular-oval emergence holes, 2 to 3 mm in diameter.
Cultural Control
The removal and destruction of infested material could eradicate C. annularis from living hosts.
Physical Control
Bamboo canes suspected of being infested with C. annularis could be submersed in hot water, for example at 56°C for 30 minutes or at 38 to 55°C for 48 hours. Such temperature exposure will kill any C. annularis present. Alternatively, canes could be frozen to -20°C for 7 days.
Chemical Control
Chemical treatment of the larvae and adults is possible (Duffy, 1968; EPPO, 1994). However, fumigation is costly, and chemical treatment may be of little or no value because of the expense.
For complete protection of bamboo, Duffy (1968) gives the following procedure: immersing in water for 5 days, followed by drying in a covered shed for several days, and finally soaking in crude petroleum ("Rangoon oil") for 2 days.
The significance of C. annularis as a pest depends upon which host it attacks. Hill (1983) notes that C. annularis is not of particular importance in sugarcane whereas, in contrast, Weidner (1982) considers C. annularis as a serious and damaging pest of bamboo. Bamboo can be high value, ornamental plants so the potential importance of C. annularis can be significant. In the USA, C. annularis is considered a potential pest of nursery stock.
