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Avoid too much nitrogen (N) which makes plants to be very succulent and attractive to aphids
Grow repellent plants like onions, garlic and marigold with the crop in alternating rows to prevent aphids
Cover plants with agro nets (size 400 μm) to exclude the pest from crop
Remove and burn crop remnants (residues) immediately after harvest
Conserve natural enemies (e.g. ladybird beetles, hoverflies and Aphidius sp.) by avoiding spraying broad spectrum insecticides
Monitoring
Additional relevant crops: tomato, eggplant
Start monitoring from seedling stage, look at lower leaves, stems or growing points for soft bodied
insects, found in clusters
Keenly check underside of leaves, shoots and stems for immobile aphids
Look for curled, wrinkled or cupped leaves, and honeydew on infested crops
Monitor (at least three times in a week) for aphids early in the morning or later in the day especially during dry spells
Start control measures when there is 10-20 % infestation (i.e. 1-2 infested plants/10-20 plants in a plot)
Direct Control
Remove and burn infected/infested plants to help reduce aphid populations
Use yellow coloured traps (at 2 traps per 30 m2 to attract and kill adult aphids
Spray soap solution (potassium soaps e.g. Alata samina) (add 10-15 tablespoons of liquid soap in 16 L Knapsack and spray on foliage)
Spray with botanical extracts, e.g. garlic, neem, red chilli pepper or soap (take 50 g mix in 2 L of water, boil for 15 minutes, allow to cool and spray 3 times at 2 weeks interval)
Direct Control
Restrictions
When using a pesticide or botanical, always wear protective clothing and follow the instructions on the product label.
Do not use chemicals with the same mode of action year after year as this can lead to resistance; always consult the most recent list of registered pesticides of MOFA, Ghana
Spray crop with Imidacloprid product (e.g. Confidor super (20%), Consider super 200SL) at 10 ml/2 L of water. Systemic neonicotinoid (IRAC 4A)
WHO Class II (Moderately hazardous); Maximum 3 applications per season in the morning and later in the day. PHI 14 days. REI 24 hours. Eye and skin irritant. Highly toxic to bees and other non-target arthropods. Toxic to aquatic organisms. Avoid using near waterways.
Spray crop with Deltamethrin-based products (e.g. Deltacan, Delete 2.5 SC, Decis 2.5 EC) each at 10-15 ml/2 L of water. Contact pyrethroid (IRAC 3A)
WHO Class II (Moderately hazardous); Maximum 3 applications per season in the morning and later in the day. PHI 5 days. REI 24 hours. Eye and skin irritant. Highly toxic to bees and other non-target arthropods. Toxic to aquatic organisms. Avoid using near waterways.
Spray with Emamectin benzoate (12 g/L) + Imidacloprid (50 g/L) insecticide (e.g. Dean 62 EC at 20 ml/L of water). Emamectin is an avermectin, IRAC 6 + Imidacloprid, systemic neonicotinoid IRAC 4A
WHO Class II (Moderately hazardous), Maximum 3 applications per season in the morning and later in the day. PHI 5 days. REI 24 hours. Eye and skin irritant. Highly toxic to bees and other non-target arthropods. Toxic to aquatic organisms. Avoid using near waterways.
AUTHOR(S): Nancy Murage (Ministry of Agriculture ), Miriam Otipa (KARI), Dora Kilalo Dr. (Nairobi University), Alfayo Ombuya (KEPHIS), Willis Ochilo (CABI), Kenya. Modified for Ghana by: Benjamin K. Badii (University for Development Studies), Hannah Serwah-Nuamah (PPRSD, MOFA) , Harunah Braimah (CSIR-CRI), Antony Cudjoe (Private consultant), Maxwell Awuku (Chemico Ltd)
