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Use tolerant varieties of maize, such as Huafeng 986, Zhengdan 958, Zhangyu 9, Xundan 18
Remove or shred maize stubbles after harvest or plough deeply (50 cm) to kill overwintering caterpillars and pupae. If no major pests or diseases were in your field leave residues and do not plough deeply to improve soil and prevent moisture loss.
Rotate with non-cereal crops, such as potato, soybean. This only works on large areas, as moths can fly.
Heavily irrigate for few days before planting to reduce caterpillar and pupae
Monitoring
Inspect vegetative maize weekly until tasseling.
On vegetative maize, look for holes on funnel leaves. If you open leaves, the holes appear in lines.
If you find holes in stems, dead leaf funnel hearts or frass on stems or cobs near caterpillar entry holes, then open stem or cob to confirm the caterpillar. It is pink-brown, soft and 1 to 3 cm long with dark head. Control action in this season is too late !!! but plan preventive measures for next season
Hang 2 sex pheromone lure core traps per field from May to July; change lure once per month. Count moths every week. If peak is reached consider green control against eggs
Look for flat egg masses (clusters) on underside of basal portion of leaves weekly from vegetative to cob stage. If egg cluster on many plants consider Trichogramma was releases.
Direct Control
Release egg parasitoids (different Trichogramma products) first time early July at moth peak flight. After a week, release again. Put the wasp egg cards on the leaves of the upper part of the maize (15000 wasps per acre).
Spray the Beauveria bassiana fungi spore suspension over residues after harvest to kill overwintering caterpillars.
Use high pressure mercury lamps to attract and kill the moths from beginning of June.
Direct Control
Restrictions
Spray on top of plants preferably into leaf whorl at vegetative stage, and on top of plant on surface of leaves at the late whorl and but before tasseling stage against feeding caterpillars late afternoon.
When caterpillars have entered into stem or cobs, sprays too late.
When using a chemical or botanical pesticide, always wear protective clothing and follow the instructions on the product label.
WHO toxicity class II pesticides may not be allowed in certain IPM or “green” production schemes.
Always consult recent list of registered pesticides of ICAMA/China, and of China pesticide information network
Bacillus thuringiensis– products. Multi-side action bacterial insecticide; must be eaten by caterpillars to act.
WHO toxicity class III (slightly acute hazardous); Pre-harvest interval p.h.i. 1 d, restricted re-entry interval r.e.i. 1 d, max 3 sprays / season. Spray immediately after preparation.
Deltamethrin -products (such as 敌杀死2.5%EC, 扑虫净2.5%EC, 克敌2.5%EC, 康素灵2.5%EC, and others). Pyrethroid group of pesticide with contact action.
WHO class II (moderately acute hazardous); p.h.i. 14 days; r.e.i. 3 days after spray. Max 2 sprays per season in min 1 week intervals. Do not spray crops suffering from drought or other physical stress; Toxic to fish and bees
Lambda-cyhalothrin– products (such as 毒特星2.5%EC, 功乐2.5%EC, 攻关2.5%EC, and others). Pyrethroid of contact action. Moderate risk of resistance.
WHO class II (moderately acute hazardous); p.h.i. 21 days; r.e.i. 3 days after spray; max 2 sprays per season in min 1 week interval. Do not spray near water sources because toxic to fish
AUTHOR(S): Institute of Plant Protection, CAAS, & Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China: Liang Feifei, phone: +86 18301483088, email: 956620434@qq.com; Yang Lang, phone +86 15624955442, email: 1002686789@qq.com; Gao Xinxin, phone: +86 13521753965, email: 1330794008@qq.com
CREATED/UPDATED: February 2016 for Henan province PRODUCED BY: Plantwise
