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Clean farm tools and machines after leaving an infested area to reduce the risk of spread
Plough the field to expose weed seeds to the sun and predators and/or to bury weed seeds below their germination zone
Remove weeds before seed setting to avoid seed addition to the soil
Only use certified seed to avoid introduction through contamination
Apply fertilizer within the crop rows to promote better crop growth
Rotate maize with pulse crops to reduce weed pressure
Consider application of a pre-emergence herbicide if the weed was present in the preceding year
Monitoring
Regular surveillance of crop land to identify and remove all Nicandra plants throughout the cropping season
Check fields for infestation of Nicandra during fallow period, before planting and after planting of maize in order to determine control methodes that best suit time and scale of infestion
Critical period of weed competition in maize 3 - 7 weeks after emergence of maize
Direct Control
Dig, hand pull or hoe out before seed set or cut the plants when the soil is moist to facilitate uprooting, or till the soil when weeds are at seedling stage
To dispose of pulled weed, if seed has not set, add to a compost heap. If seed has set, ensure pulled weed is buried to least 60 cm
Direct Control
Restrictions
Use of chemical herbicides may lead to the development of herbicide resistance.
When using a pesticide, always wear protective clothing and follow the instructions on the product label, such as dosage, timing of application, and pre-harvest interval.
Apply pre-emergence herbicide Pendimethalin (3.05 L product/ha); apply uniformly to the soil within 2 days of sowing
WHO class II (moderately hazardous)
Apply 2,4-D 720g/L a.i (1-1.5 L product/ha) 2-3 weeks after crop emergence
WHO class II (moderately hazardous)
AUTHOR(S): Taye T., Frehiwot S. and Amare F.
CREATED/UPDATED: February 2016 PRODUCED BY: Plantwise
